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| <h1>Standing Wave<br>(Explanation by Superposition with the Reflected Wave)</h1> |
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| <p><em class="Begriff">Standing waves</em> differ from propagating waves by the fact that the particles are in the same |
| or in the opposite phase of oscillation at all times. A standing wave can be explained by superposition |
| of the incidenting wave and the reflected wave. Two cases are to be distinguished:</p> |
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| <ul> |
| <li>For <em class="Begriff">reflection from a fixed end</em>, there is a phase shift of π at the point of reflection. |
| At this point, the phase of the reflected wave is opposed to the phase of the incidenting wave so that the total elongation |
| is always equal to 0 (node).</li> |
| <li class="Abstand">In case of <em class="Begriff">reflection from a free end</em>, there is no phase shift. |
| For this reason, the particles oscillate back and forth with a particularly large amplitude at the point of reflection |
| (antinode).</li> |
| </ul> |
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| <p>This HTML5 app illustrates the incidenting wave (red), the reflected wave (blue), and the standing wave resulting from superposition (black). |
| The control panel provides the choice between reflection from a fixed end and reflection from a free end. |
| The "Reset" button brings the simulation into the initial state. The other button is for starting, pausing |
| or continuing the simulation. If you choose the option "Slow motion", the animation will run 10× slower. |
| There is also a selection between a continuous animation and a single-step illustration, whereby the time interval can be set. |
| In the option fields at the very bottom, one can determine which waves should be visible.</p> |
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